《外科十法》~ 外科症治方藥 (1)
外科症治方藥 (1)
1. 發背
（對心發，腎俞發，搭肩，手發，足發）
生於背，名曰發背。肺經火毒也。生於背下，與心相對，名曰對心發。心經火毒也。生於腰，名曰腎俞發。腎經相火之毒。若生於肩脊，名曰搭肩。右為肺火，左為肝火也。生於手背，名曰手發。生於足背，名曰足發。脾經濕熱之毒也。有如蓮子形者，頭多突起。有如蜂窠形者，孔多內陷。
白話文：
生長在背部的稱為發背，是肺經火毒造成的。生長在背部下方，與心臟相對的地方，稱為對心發，是心經火毒造成的。生長在腰部的稱為腎俞發，是腎經相火之毒造成的。如果生長在肩背部，稱為搭肩，右邊是肺火，左邊是肝火造成的。生長在手背的稱為手發。生長在腳背的稱為足發，是脾經濕熱之毒造成的。發背的形狀有像蓮子一樣的，頭部多突出。有像蜂窩一樣的，孔穴多凹陷。
外結螺靨，此二種，須防毒陷。大率此症皆由膏粱厚味，或六淫外客，七情內郁所致。積聚不散，以致榮氣不從，逆於肉理耳。初覺腫痛，即宜用藥消散之。散而不去，則用艾灸提膿等法。癰疽之症，始為熱中，末為寒中，不可不察也。
白話文：
外結螺靨，這兩種瘡癤，必須防範毒氣與膿陷。此類病症大多由膏粱厚味、或六淫外邪、或七情內鬱引起的。積聚不散，以致氣血不運行，逆亂於肌肉組織之中罷了。一開始感覺腫痛，就應該用藥物來消散。消散不去，就用艾條灸、提膿等方法。癰疽的病症，起初是熱毒內熱，最後是寒邪內陷，不可不加察覺。
2. 遠志膏
凡一切癰疽腫毒初起之時，隨用遠志肉二三兩，去心，清酒煮爛，搗為泥，敷患處，用油紙隔布扎定。越一宿，其毒立消，屢試屢驗，其效如神。
白話文：
在所有癰疽腫毒的症狀剛發生時，立即使用遠志藥材的果實，重量為二到三兩，去除果核，加入清酒煮熟後搗碎成泥狀，敷在患部，再用油紙隔著布包紮固定。在隔夜後，毒素就立刻消散了，多次試驗多次證實，其功效有如神助。
3. 銀花甘草湯
治腫毒初起時，皆可立消。內服此藥，外敷遠志膏，一切惡毒無不消散。但宜早服為妙。倘瘡已成膿，無從消散也，必須外潰。
白話文：
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4. 陳艾丸
白話文：
每年端午節時，儲存一兩斤的艾葉，越久越好。用時取艾葉為炷，可以添加麝香、木香、雄黃末，搓成團狀，放在蒜頭上灸之，叫做陳艾丸。
5. 蟾酥餅
治疔毒腦疽、乳癰、附骨疽，臀癰。一切患症，或不痛而大痛，或麻木，用此敷貼瘡頭。
白話文：
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蟾蜍（一錢，用酒化開）：1錢，用酒浸泡化開
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輕粉（五分）：0.5錢
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乳香、沒藥、雄黃、巴豆（各二錢）：各2錢
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麝香（三分）：0.3錢
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硃砂（一錢）：1錢
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朝腦（一錢）：1錢
以上各為細末，於五月五日午時，在淨室中用蟾蜍酒和藥丸如綠豆大，每用一丸。口涎調塗，貼疔瘡上以膏蓋之。
白話文：
以上列舉的這些方法都很細微，在五月五日中午，在乾淨的房間裡用蟾蜍酒和藥丸像綠豆那麼大，每次用一粒藥丸。用唾液調和塗抹，貼在疔瘡上，用膏藥蓋住。
6. 菊花甘草湯
7. 芎芷香蘇散
凡毒多有挾風寒而發者，宜先用此散之。如毒不消，隨服銀花甘草等藥。
白話文：
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川芎：1錢
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白芷：1錢
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紫蘇：1錢
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赤芍：1錢
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陳皮：1錢
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甘草：1錢
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荊芥：1錢5分
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香附：1錢5分
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秦艽：1錢5分
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連須蔥白：2寸
白話文：
水煎服。如果同時有消化不良，可以加山楂、麥芽、葡萄籽。如果體內熱氣很盛，可以加連翹、牛蒡子。
8. 烏金膏
去腐肉不傷新肉最為平善。巴豆去殼，新瓦上炒黑，研細聽用。多寡看瘡勢酌量。
白話文：
去除腐肉而不傷及新肉是最平和善的方法。巴豆去殼，在新的瓦片上炒至發黑，研磨成細末， حسب用。用量的多少取決於瘡勢，酌情決定。
9. 防風湯
白話文：
防風、白芷、甘草、赤芍、川芎、歸尾（各2錢），雄豬蹄（1節）
加連須蔥白五根，用三大碗水煎。以絹片蘸水洗之，拭乾，然後上藥。其深曲處以羊筆洗之。
白話文：
將五根蔥白、加連須一起用三大碗水煎。用絹片沾水洗淨，擦拭乾，然後塗上藥物。藥物難以到達的地方，使用羊毛筆塗抹。
10. 海浮散
上二味，安箬皮上炙乾，為極細末，敷患處，再貼膏藥。此散毒淨則收口，毒不淨則提膿外出。其神妙難以言喻。
白話文：
以上兩種藥，將安箬皮放在箬葉上烘乾，磨成極細的粉末，敷在患處，再貼上膏藥。這樣的做法可以淨化毒素，使傷口癒合。如果沒有淨化毒素，傷口會化膿流出。它的神奇效用難以用言語形容。
11. 火照散
白話文：
硃砂、血竭、沒藥、明雄黃（各三錢），麝香（五分）。
上五味為細末，用綿紙條長尺許，每條裹藥三分，真麻油浸點，自外而內周圍照之。瘡毒隨藥氣解散，自不內侵臟腑。初用三條，漸加至五七條。瘡勢漸平，又漸減之。薰罷隨上烏金膏，貼以萬全膏。若腫勢漫延，周圍用芙蓉膏敷之。如再薰，須洗去末藥。其貼膏藥處，藥油可不必洗。
白話文：
將五種藥材研成細末，用長約一尺的棉紙條，每條包覆三分藥材，沾上真正的麻油，由外側開始點燃。瘡毒會隨著藥氣散開，自然不會侵入臟腑。一開始使用三條紙條，逐漸增加到五條或七條。瘡勢逐漸平復，再慢慢減少紙條數量。薰完後，塗抹烏金膏，再貼上萬全膏。如果腫脹的情形擴散，周圍塗抹芙蓉膏。如果要再次薰藥，必須先將末藥洗去。塗抹膏藥的地方，藥油不必洗掉。